Anaphylaxis is a rapid, violent whole-body allergic reaction that can close the airway and crash blood pressure within minutes. Common triggers: nuts, eggs, milk, fish and shellfish, bee stings, and some medicines.

In short — what to do

  1. Epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen): if available, inject immediately into the outer thigh muscle (through clothing is fine) — don't hesitate; delay is more dangerous than the injection.
  2. Call 998 even if they improve after the injection.
  3. Lay them flat and raise the legs — on their side if vomiting; sitting up if breathing is very difficult.
  4. Remove the trigger if possible (scrape a bee sting out; don't squeeze it).
  5. If no better in 5–10 minutes and a second pen is available: give the second dose.

This topic’s video is coming soon on our channels — follow us

@lahzaem
The epinephrine pen into the outer thigh muscle — even through clothing
The epinephrine pen into the outer thigh muscle — even through clothing
The full details

When is it an emergency?

  • Swelling of the lips, tongue or throat, or a high-pitched sound when breathing in.
  • Shortness of breath, wheeze, or persistent cough.
  • Widespread rash and itching with dizziness, fainting, or a racing pulse.
  • Vomiting or severe cramps after a known trigger.
  • Any of these after food/medicine/sting = call 998 immediately.

What to do right now

  1. Epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen): if available, inject immediately into the outer thigh muscle (through clothing is fine) — don't hesitate; delay is more dangerous than the injection.
  2. Call 998 even if they improve after the injection.
  3. Lay them flat and raise the legs — on their side if vomiting; sitting up if breathing is very difficult.
  4. Remove the trigger if possible (scrape a bee sting out; don't squeeze it).
  5. If no better in 5–10 minutes and a second pen is available: give the second dose.

Why the ER even if they improve?

  • Symptoms can return in a second wave hours later (biphasic reaction) — the patient needs medical observation.
  • Antihistamines (oral allergy pills) do not treat anaphylaxis — they only relieve itching.

If you have a known severe allergy

Carry your epinephrine pen at all times, teach those around you where it is and how to use it, and tell restaurants clearly about your allergy.

This content is for general health education only and is not medical advice. Always seek guidance from a qualified healthcare professional. In an emergency, call 998.

← All topics