Choking

Choking happens when food or a foreign object blocks the airway. Telling a partial blockage from a complete one is the key to acting correctly.

Partial blockage: coughing and talking

If the person is coughing forcefully and can talk or make sounds, the airway is not completely blocked. Encourage coughing and do not interfere — don't slap their back if they are standing and coughing effectively, and don't give water.

Complete blockage: no sound, no cough, no breath

1. Ask someone to call 998 immediately (or call yourself if alone, after starting first aid).
2. 5 back blows: stand behind them, lean them slightly forward, and strike between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.
3. 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich): place your fist above the navel and below the ribcage, grasp it with your other hand, and pull sharply inward and upward.
4. Alternate: 5 back blows then 5 abdominal thrusts, until the object comes out or the person collapses.
5. If they collapse: lower them carefully to the ground and start CPR immediately.

Special cases

• Infants (under 1 year): lay them face-down along your forearm, head lower than body; 5 back blows between the shoulder blades, then turn over for 5 chest compressions with two fingers — no abdominal thrusts for infants.
• Pregnant or larger persons: give thrusts on the center of the chest instead of the abdomen.
• Choking alone: press your abdomen firmly against a hard edge such as a chair back.

This content is for general health education only and is not medical advice. Always seek guidance from a qualified healthcare professional. In an emergency, call 998.

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